Abstract Background Polyandrous social insects such as the honey bee are prime candidates for parental manipulation of gene expression in offspring. Although there is good evidence for parent-of-origin effects in honey bees the epigenetic mechanisms that underlie these effects remain a mystery. Small RNA molecules such as miRNAs. piRNAs and siRNAs play important roles in transgenerati... https://yeswellneses.shop/product-category/menstrual-care/