Cushions Piston over the upstroke, eradicating the necessity for shock absorbers. Increases the piston down stroke force. We now have measured experimentally and analyzed theoretically the Ti 2p X-ray photoemission spectra (XPS) and also the resonant enhancement of valence photoemissionat the Ti 2p threshold for Ti2O3. Experimental results are already https://okada4dsg.com/